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层知识”，就是在练扎马步、核心肌肉力量，是在提升你自己的“根骨”和“资质”
​	正所谓“练拳不练功，到老一场空”。
​    如果越早去弄清楚计算机的底层原理，在你的知识体系中“储蓄”起这些知识，也就意味着你有越长的时间来收获学习知识的“利息”。
​    虽然一开始可能不起眼，但是随着时间带来的复利效应，你的长线投资项目，就能让你在成长的过程中越走越快。</p> <ul><li>如果 想要深入理解，甚至设计一台自己的计算机，体系结构是必不可少的一门课，而<strong>组成原理</strong>是 <strong>计算机体系结构</strong>的一个<strong>入门版本</strong>。</li></ul> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/HACV/picture/img/20211002151022.png" alt="2021.10.02"></p> <div class="language-txt line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>在这个专栏构思之初，我就给自己定了一个交付目标：我要把这些知识点和日常工作、生活以及整个计算机行业的发展史联系起来，教你真正看懂、学会、记住组成原理的核心内容，教你更多地从“为什么”这个角度，去理解这些知识点，而不是只是去记忆“是什么”。
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_0-开篇词-为什么你需要学习计算机组成原理？"><a href="#_0-开篇词-为什么你需要学习计算机组成原理？" class="header-anchor">#</a> 0.开篇词.为什么你需要学习<code>计算机组成原理</code>？</h2> <ul><li><p>计算机组成中很多组件的设计，都不是凭空发明出来，它们中的很多都来自现实生活中的想 法和比喻。而底层很多硬件设计和开发的思路，其实也和你进行软件架构的开发设计和思路 是一样的。</p></li> <li><p>像《冰与火之歌》里面水舞者教导艾莉亚的一 样，“恐惧比利剑”更伤人。破除对于基础知识“难”的迷信，是迈向更高水平必经的一步。</p></li></ul> <div class="language-txt line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>显然，在硬件和软件之间需要一座桥梁，而“计算机组成原理”就扮演了这样一个角色，它既隔离了软件和硬件，也提供了让软件无需关心硬件，就能直接操作硬件的接口。

这里的计算机组成原理改成操作系统是不是更好，而且感觉这句话说的就是操作系统呀
展开
作者回复: 其实 操作系统也是一个“软件”，而开发操作系统，其实只需要关注到“组成原理”或者说“体系结构”就好了，而不需要真的了解硬件，比如电路层面的实现。操作系统，其实是在“组成原理”所讲到的“指令集”上的一层封装。
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>体系结构的复兴</p> <div class="language-txt line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>刚开始是做应用开发的，后来去做TVM了？大佬说的这个人谁？
我是做编译出身的，给AI加速器写过编译器，最近也在研究TVM😁😁😁

作者回复: json同学你好，我原来在做广告系统团队里的同学哦，现在北美做tvm呢，具体名字涉及别人的隐私先不透露啦。过去几年在体系结构和编译器上，又出现了很多新的有意思的主题可以研究呢，可以称之为体系结构的新的复兴呢
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_1-冯·诺依曼体系结构：计算机组成的金字塔"><a href="#_1-冯·诺依曼体系结构：计算机组成的金字塔" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.冯·诺依曼体系结构：计算机组成的金字塔</h2> <p>计算机行业的两大祖师爷之一，除了冯·诺依曼机之外，还有一位就是著名的图灵（Alan Mathison Turing）</p> <p>对应的，我们现在的计算机也叫图灵机（Turing Machine）。那么 图灵机和冯·诺依曼机是两种不同的计算机么？图灵机是一种什么样的计算机抽象呢？</p> <ul><li>我理解的是冯·诺依曼机侧重于硬件抽象</li> <li>而图灵机侧重于计算抽象</li></ul> <h2 id="_2-给你一张知识地图，计算机组成原理应该这么学"><a href="#_2-给你一张知识地图，计算机组成原理应该这么学" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2.给你一张知识地图，计算机组成原理应该这么学</h2> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/HACV/picture/img/20211220182647.png" alt="image-20211220182645281"></p> <h2 id="_3-通过你的cpu主频，我们来谈谈“性能”究竟是什么？"><a href="#_3-通过你的cpu主频，我们来谈谈“性能”究竟是什么？" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3.通过你的CPU主频，我们来谈谈“性能”究竟是什么？</h2> <h4 id="_3-1-响应时间（response-time）或者叫执行时间（execution-time）"><a href="#_3-1-响应时间（response-time）或者叫执行时间（execution-time）" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3.1.响应时间（Response time）或者叫执行时间（Execution time）</h4> <p>想要提升响应时间这个性能指标，你可以理解为让计算机“跑得更快”。</p> <p>我主要对于“响应时 间”这个性能指标进行抽丝剥茧，拆解成了计算机时钟周期、CPI 以及指令数这三个独立的 指标的乘积，并且为你指明了优化计算机性能的三条康庄大道。也就是，</p> <ul><li>提升计算机主频</li> <li><strong>优化 CPU 设计</strong>使得在单个时钟周期内能够执行更多指令</li> <li>以及通过<strong>编译器</strong>来减少需要的指令数</li></ul> <table><thead><tr><th></th> <th>解决</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>计算机时钟周期</td> <td>提升计算机主频</td></tr> <tr><td>CPI</td> <td><strong>优化 CPU 设计</strong></td></tr> <tr><td>指令数</td> <td>通过<strong>编译器</strong>来减少需要的指令数</td></tr></tbody></table> <h4 id="_3-2-是吞吐率（throughput）或者带宽（bandwidth）"><a href="#_3-2-是吞吐率（throughput）或者带宽（bandwidth）" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3.2.是吞吐率（Throughput）或者带宽（Bandwidth）</h4> <p>想要提升这个指标，你可以理 解为让计算机“搬得更多”。</p> <h2 id="_29-cisc和risc：为什么手机芯片都是arm？"><a href="#_29-cisc和risc：为什么手机芯片都是arm？" class="header-anchor">#</a> 29.CISC和RISC：为什么手机芯片都是ARM？</h2> <h2 id="✔️存储器部分"><a href="#✔️存储器部分" class="header-anchor">#</a> ✔️存储器部分</h2> <h2 id="_35-存储器层次结构全景：数据存储的大金字塔长什么样"><a href="#_35-存储器层次结构全景：数据存储的大金字塔长什么样" class="header-anchor">#</a> 35.存储器层次结构全景：数据存储的大金字塔长什么样</h2> <h2 id="_36-局部性原理：数据库性能跟不上，加个缓存就好了"><a href="#_36-局部性原理：数据库性能跟不上，加个缓存就好了" class="header-anchor">#</a> 36.局部性原理：数据库性能跟不上，加个缓存就好了</h2> <h2 id="_55-理解disruptor（下）：不需要换挡和踩刹车的cpu，有多快"><a href="#_55-理解disruptor（下）：不需要换挡和踩刹车的cpu，有多快" class="header-anchor">#</a> 55.理解Disruptor（下）：不需要换挡和踩刹车的CPU，有多快?</h2> <h2 id="结束语-知也无涯，愿你也享受发现的乐趣"><a href="#结束语-知也无涯，愿你也享受发现的乐趣" class="header-anchor">#</a> 结束语.知也无涯，愿你也享受发现的乐趣</h2> <h2 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="header-anchor">#</a> 参考资料</h2> <ul><li>徐文浩，极客时间，《深入浅出计算机组成原理》2019-04-22</li></ul></div> <div class="page-edit"><!----> <!----></div> <!----> </div> <!----></div></div>
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